Between 2002 and 2010, the global health system was challenged with the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), the H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza and the pandemic influenza A H1N1. The epidemiology of these diseases and their  impact on public health, social and economic as well as the food security consequences caused by these diseases have revived the emergency to combine global efforts to prevent and control the diseases.

Stakeholders of the national and global health chains have observed that mobilization of efforts to prevent and control these diseases, in a sustainable way should be carried out using a comprehensive approach aiming enhancing interdisciplinary and multisector collaboration and communication on all aspects of animal health, human health and environmental health: this is the "One Health" approach.